Ochpaniztli begins the metztin of Tonalco, the dry season, 40 days earlier, but in fact, the rains do not completely cease until some point in what is today early November. By the time Tepeilhuitl begins, the rains have truly ended. Therefore, in Tepeilhuitl, we give honor to the Lords of Rain, and thank Them for the bounty They had given us in the preceding metztin.
Tlaloc, Our Lord the Rain, lives in the mountains. In their hollow interior is Tlalocan, His misty paradise. Within dwell the spirits of all things, which there await rebirth, but principle among them are the seeds of all plants. There the corn, amaranth, chilis, and other of the sacred foods we eat wait to be reborn in the farmer's field, with the coming of Xopan. The mountains hold at their heart Tlalocan, but they are also living beings, who have teyollia, heart souls, of their own. The mountains are the source of water, oxygen, and wild creatures. They are the lungs of Our Mother the Earth, Tonantzin Tlalli, and therefore they, as much as the Lords of Rain, are given honor for their many gifts. We cannot live without the mountains and the wild, green places. They are the “feminine” counterpart to the “masculine” field, town, and city, and exist in duality with us. We give the wild places and the Teteo who live there and protect them honor during Tepeilhuitl, and pay our debt to Them.
The dead do not go to a “heaven” or a “hell” according to the way they acted while they were living, but are rather chosen by the Teteo, and die in ways appropriate to the Teotl who had chosen them. Tlaloc takes His children with watery deaths. They drown, or are struck by lightning, or they die from “watery” diseases which Tlaloc causes, such as cancer, gout, diabetes, and gangrene. We take comfort that our loved ones, chosen by Tlaloc to die these painful deaths, go with Him to His watery paradise of Tlalocan, where they live in joy among the mist and flowers. During Tepeilhuitl we give honor to the dead who were chosen by Tlaloc. They return to our altars, and celebrate with us the feast of the mountains and wild places, where they now live amidst joy and plenty. From their place within the mountains they beseech Tlaloc to guide the waters of the sacred rains and life-giving rivers towards us, so that their living children might thrive. We thank them for interceding on our behalf with our father Tlaloc, and for the love and wisdom they brought into our lives.
The ceremonies of Tepeilhuitl
Figures of amaranth seeds with honey, or, if such cannot be made, of bread, representing the mountains, are made, and placed on the altar. Here, in the central valleys of Mexico, these are made to represent the mountains Tlaloc, Popocatépetl, and Iztaccíhuatl, and are given paper heads representing the Teteo of these mountains. These are the largest, and are surrounded by other, smaller mountain figures, representing the other, lesser mountains which ring the valleys. All are adorned with paper banners and flags which are spattered with liquid rubber or black ink. If you live elsewhere, then the mountains should represent those which are near you, to give honor to the mountains and the mountain Teteo who provide water and life.
Before the mountains on the altar, figures of snakes and bones, likewise made of amaranth, bread, or formed of cookies, are placed as offerings. The snakes represent rivers and lightning, and are offerings to Tlaloc and Chalchiuhtlicue, whose home is in the mountains, and the bones are offerings for the dead who had been called by Tlaloc, and who now reside in His kingdom. We give thanks to the Tlaloc, the lord of the mountain, to the mountains themselves, and to our beloved dead who reside within.
Wreathes, which where possible are made of pachtli or Spanish moss tied with dried grass, or of another leafy plant of the season where Spanish moss does not grow, are made. They are sprinkled with spring water, and hung above the household altar, where they will remain for the entire year. They are adorned with paper flags, and figures of tlaloc, shells, and aquatic creatures made of paper and clay. With them we give thanks to Tlaloc, and remember His gift of water throughout the year. Pachtli is also hung upon the altar, and all about the house, as a decoration symbolizing Tlaloc during Tepeilhuitl.
Family, friends, and calpulli gather, and partake in a joyous Tepeilhuitl feast. At the close of the meal the dough mountains are removed from the altar, to the smoke of copal and the ringing of conch trumpets, and with a knife their summits are cut. This symbolizes their sacrifice, the act through which they give of themselves for the sake of all the living beings who live in the shadows of their slopes. They are sacrificed, for in this season the rains cease and the vegetation which wreathes the mountains dies. The precious “souls” of the seeds of maize and other foods shall dwell in the mountain throughout the season of Tonalco, before they are born again with the rains of Xopan. We give thanks to the mountains for storing the seeds of our abundance, and for guarding the souls of our beloved dead. We give thanks to Tlaloc and Chalchiuhtlicue for their gift of water by which we live.
The sacrificed mountain figures are cut to pieces and given to the guests, who eat them, and thus partake in the abundance of the mountains. If anyone is ill, they are given the dough snakes to eat, for with them Tlaloc shall bless them. The person who leads the ceremony then takes grains of corn in four colors, in red, black, white, and yellow, and scatters them to the four directions, asking that the Teteo of the corn return and fill the world with abundance, as all cry out in joy and gratitude for the gifts of plenty with which the Teteo shower us.
3 - Tepeílhuitl - la Fiesta de los Cerros - 13 de noviembre a 2 de diciembre de 2022
Aunque Ochpaniztli inaugura las metztin de Tonalco, la estación seca, las lluvias no cesan en su totalidad hasta noviembre. Cuando inicia Tepeílhuitl, el final de las lluvias ha llegado. En Tepeílhuitl, por consiguiente, se rinde culto a los Señores de la Lluvia y se les agradece los dones que nos dieron en metztin precedentes.
Tláloc, Nuestro Señor Lluvia, vive dentro de las montañas. En su interior hueco se encuentra el Tlalocan, un territorio lleno de neblina donde viven los espíritus de todas las cosas aguardando renacer, entre las que se cuentan las semillas. Aguardan el maíz, el amaranto, el chile y otros frutos sagrados para que llegue su momento de regresar a los campos en Xopan. El Tlalocan se ubica en el corazón de la montaña, que es un ser vivo y tiene una teyollía, un espíritu del corazón que le es propio. Los montes son fuente de oxígeno, agua y criaturas salvajes. Son los pulmones de Nuestra Madre Tierra, Tonantzin Tlalli, y por tanto, al igual que las deidades de la lluvia, reciben honras por sus dones. No podemos vivir sin los cerros y sus espacios naturales, son la contraparte “femenina” del campo, la ciudad, el pueblo “masculinos”; existen en dualidad. En Tepeílhuitl se rinde culto a las Teteo y los Teteo que habitan en los montes y los protegen.
Los muertos no van a un cielo o a un infierno según sus actos en vida, sino que los Teteo los eligen para morir de manera concordante con la deidad que lo selecciona. Las personas elegidas por Tláloc, Sus hijas e hijos, mueren de formas acuáticas: se ahogan, reciben el golpe de un relámpago o mueren de enfermedades del agua como el cáncer, la gota, la diabetes y la gangrena. Nos reconforta la idea de que las personas que queremos, seleccionadas por Tláloc para tener una muerte dolorosa, se encontrarán con Él en el paraíso acuático del Tlalocan donde vivirán alegremente entre cantos, niebla y flores. En Tepeílhuitl se da honor a estos muertos elegidos por Tláloc, quienes se acercan a nuestros altares y celebran en comunidad esta fiesta dedicada a las montañas y los espacios silvestres donde viven en plenitud y gozo. Desde su morada telúrica, ayudan a Tláloc a guiar las aguas de la lluvia sagrada y los ríos dadores de vida hacia nuestros pueblos, de manera que las utilicemos para vivir. Les agradecemos por interceder por nosotros y por nosotras ante Tláloc, así como por el amor y la sabiduría que aportan.
Ceremonias de Tepeílhuitl
Se hacen figuras de amaranto con miel, o en su defecto, de pan o galleta, representando las montañas, se les añaden rostros de papel y se colocan en el altar. En el altiplano central de México, las imágenes representaban a los montes Tláloc, Popocatépetl e Iztaccíhuatl, los más grandes del paisaje local, y alrededor de ellas se posicionaban cerros y montículos menores del valle. Se decoran con banderas de papel que se manchan con chapopote o tinta negra. Las figuras deben representar las montañas cercanas a cada comunidad, de manera que se honre al paisaje y a los Teteo que dan agua y vida.
Ante ellas se ofrendan figuras de amaranto de serpientes y de huesos. Las serpientes representan ríos y relámpagos y por tanto son ofrendas a Tláloc y a Chalchiuhtlicue, cuyo hogar es el monte, y los huesos son ofrendas para los difuntos convocados por Él y por Ella. Agradecemos a la lluvia, a los montes, y a nuestros muertos.
Se fabrican coronas de pachtli o heno con zacate o de otra planta de temporada. Se les rocía con agua de manantial y se cuelgan sobre el altar doméstico, donde permanecen durante un año completo. Se decoran con banderas de papel e imágenes de Tláloc, caracoles y criaturas acuáticas. También se cuelga pachtli en el altar y en toda la casa como símbolo de la presencia del Señor de la Lluvia.
Se reúnen las amistades, las familias y los calpultin para conmemorar Tepeílhuitl. Cuando se termina de comer, los cerros de masa se retiran del altar entre humo de copal y sonido de caracolas y sus cimas son cortadas con cuchillo. Este acto simboliza el sacrificio a través del cual se entregan para mantener a los seres vivos que habitamos a su alrededor. Son sacrificadas en la temporada en la que las lluvias cesan y muere la vegetación que las recubre. Los espíritus de la semilla del maíz y otros alimentos regresan al interior del monte en Tonalco esperando su retorno en Xopan. Se agradece este almacenamiento a las montañas verdaderas trojes inmateriales todas las semillas y de nuestros difuntos. Se agradece a Tláloc y a Chalchiuhtlicue por el don del agua.
Las figuras sacrificadas se reparten entre los asistentes, quienes participan de la abundancia de los montes. Si hay personas enfermas, se les da una serpiente de masa para conseguir la bendición de Tláloc. La persona que lidera la ceremonia toma granos de maíz de cuatro colores: rojo, negro, blanco y amarillo. Los distribuye en las cuatro direcciones y pide que las Teteo y los Teteo del maíz regresen para colmar de abundancia al mundo.
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